[Meningococcemia, recrudescence, diagnosis and treatment]

Meningococcemia is a severe Gram negative septicemia whose mortality may be as high as 30%. It occurs more frequently in children but the proportion of teenagers is increasing in Belgium. During the past decade, a slow but sustained rise in the incidence of this illness has been noted, with a predominance of the serogroup B. We describe the symptoms, which often are poor in the early stage, the different therapies, most of them being still under investigation, and the chemoprophylaxis. Without being alarmist, the diagnosis must be considered in any child with cutaneous rash, even atypical and tachycardia.