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Summary
Ampicillin absorption from the lungs increases with dose. Preliminary findings suggest passive diffusion is the primary mechanism for ampicillin lung absorption, as shown by plasma levels and urinary excretion.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacokinetics
- Pulmonary Drug Delivery
- Drug Absorption
Background:
- Intratracheal administration allows direct delivery of drugs to the lungs.
- Understanding ampicillin's lung absorption is crucial for optimizing pulmonary delivery strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate ampicillin absorption from the lungs after intratracheal administration in humans.
- To explore the mechanism of ampicillin lung absorption and the effect of probenecid.
Main Methods:
- Healthy human subjects received varying doses of ampicillin via intratracheal injection.
- Plasma ampicillin levels, area under the curve (AUC), and urinary excretion were measured.
- In vitro studies used human fetal bronchial slices to assess ampicillin uptake.
Main Results:
- Ampicillin absorption indices (plasma levels, AUC, urinary excretion) increased proportionally with dose.
- Probenecid did not inhibit ampicillin absorption from the lungs.
- Human fetal bronchial slices did not accumulate ampicillin in vitro.
Conclusions:
- Ampicillin is absorbed from the lungs following intratracheal administration.
- Results suggest passive diffusion as the likely mechanism for ampicillin lung absorption.
- Further research is needed to confirm the absorption mechanism and optimize dosing.