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The world according to PARP.

¹Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, 2nd Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA. smithsu@saturn.med.nyu.edu

Trends in Biochemical Sciences

|March 14, 2001

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Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) enzymes, initially known for DNA damage repair, may have broader roles. New PARP family members suggest involvement in telomere replication and cellular transport beyond DNA repair.

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Biochemistry
Cellular Biology

Background:

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) enzymes synthesize poly(ADP-ribose), a crucial post-translational modification.
PARP's established role is in cellular surveillance of genotoxic stress and DNA damage repair.
The traditional view limited PARP function to nuclear DNA repair pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

To re-evaluate the functional scope of PARP enzymes in light of recent discoveries.
To explore potential new roles for poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation beyond DNA damage response.
To investigate the implications of novel PARP family members and their localizations.

Main Methods:

Identification of novel PARP family members.
Analysis of primary structures and subcellular localizations of new PARPs.

Related Experiment Videos

Functional inference based on structural and localization data.

Main Results:

Discovery of multiple new members within the PARP enzyme family.
Characterization of unique primary structures and diverse subcellular localizations for some novel PARPs.
These findings challenge the exclusive role of PARP in DNA repair.

Conclusions:

The PARP enzyme family has expanded functions beyond genotoxic stress surveillance.
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation may play significant roles in telomere replication.
Novel PARP functions extend to cellular transport mechanisms.