Localized injury in cardiomyocyte network: a new experimental model of ischemia-reperfusion arrhythmias

We developed a new experimental approach to study the effects of local injury in a multicellular preparation and tested the ability of the method to induce reperfusion arrhythmias in cardiomyocyte monolayers. A small region of injury was created using geometrically defined flows of control and ischemia-like solutions. Calcium transients were acquired simultaneously from injured, control, and border zone cells using fluo 4. Superfusion with the injury solution rapidly diminished the amplitude of calcium transients within the injury zone, followed by cessation of cell beating. Reperfusion caused an immediate tachyarrhythmic response in approximately 17% of experiments, with a wave front propagating from a single cell or small cell cluster within the former injury zone. Inclusion of a gap junction uncoupler (1 mM heptanol) in the injury solution narrowed the functional border and sharply increased the number of ectopic foci and the incidence of reperfusion arrhythmias. The model holds a potential to reveal both micro- and macroscopic features of propagation, conduction, and cell coupling in the normal and diseased myocardium and to serve as a new tool to test antiarrhythmic protocols in vitro.