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Sodium-substrate cotransport in bacteria.

T H Wilson1, P Z Ding

  • 1Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. thomas_wilson@hms.harvard.edu

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
|March 15, 2001
PubMed
Summary
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Bacteria utilize sodium-substrate cotransport systems for nutrient uptake. The melibiose carrier in Escherichia coli exemplifies this, coupling sodium ion entry to substrate accumulation, and can also use protons or lithium ions.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Bacteria employ various sodium-substrate cotransport systems for nutrient uptake.
  • These systems couple the electrochemical gradient of sodium ions to the transport of specific substrates into the cell.
  • The melibiose carrier in Escherichia coli is a well-characterized example.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the known sodium-substrate cotransport systems in bacteria.
  • To highlight the mechanism of sodium-driven substrate accumulation.
  • To discuss the versatility of the melibiose carrier, including its ability to utilize alternative ions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of bacterial cotransport systems.
  • Analysis of the stoichiometry and mechanism of sodium-substrate coupling.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Comparison of different cotransporter specificities.

    • Main Results:

    • Sodium-substrate cotransport involves the downhill movement of Na+ ions driving substrate accumulation.
    • A 1:1 stoichiometry between sodium ion and substrate entry is commonly observed.
    • The melibiose carrier of Escherichia coli exhibits flexibility, accommodating protons or lithium ions alongside sodium.
    • Other studied systems include transporters for proline, glutamate, and amino acids.

    Conclusions:

    • Sodium-substrate cotransport is a vital mechanism for nutrient acquisition in bacteria.
    • The melibiose carrier serves as a model system for understanding ion-coupled transport.
    • Bacterial cotransporters display diverse substrate specificities and ion dependencies.