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Changes in small airway function after live attenuated influenza vaccination.

D Y Rosenzweig, D J Dwyer, J E Ferstenfeld

    The American Review of Respiratory Disease
    |April 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary

    Live attenuated influenza vaccine administered intranasally was well tolerated by adult volunteers. The vaccine demonstrated biological activity, inducing antibody responses and transient airway changes, suggesting small airway involvement.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Respiratory Medicine
    • Vaccinology

    Background:

    • Influenza poses a significant public health burden.
    • Live, attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV) offer a promising alternative to inactivated vaccines.
    • Intranasal delivery bypasses first-pass metabolism, potentially enhancing immunogenicity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a live, attenuated influenza vaccine administered intranasally.
    • To assess the vaccine's impact on respiratory function and identify potential side effects.
    • To explore the biological activity and clinical response to intranasal LAIV.

    Main Methods:

    • 15 young adult volunteers received intranasal inoculation of LAIV.
    • Volunteers were monitored for symptoms and respiratory function changes post-vaccination.

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  • Hemagglutinin-inhibition antibody titers were measured before and after vaccination.
  • A second challenge was administered 2 weeks after the initial dose to assess response.

    • Main Results:

    • The LAIV was generally well tolerated, with modest, transient symptoms in some subjects.
    • Increased hemagglutinin-inhibition antibodies were observed in 9 of 12 subjects.
    • Transient changes in airflow, potentially indicating small airway involvement, were detected but resolved within 1 week.
    • Reduced symptoms and no airflow changes were noted upon a second challenge.

    Conclusions:

    • The intranasal LAIV is biologically active and elicits an immune response.
    • Observed airflow changes suggest potential reflex involvement of small airways.
    • The vaccine appears safe and warrants further investigation for influenza prevention.