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Role of androgen receptor in prostate cancer
1Department of Urology, Chiba University School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
Abstract:
The growth of prostate cancer is sensitive to androgen, and hormonal therapy has been used for treatment of advanced cancer. About 80% of prostate cancers initially respond to hormonal therapy, however, more than half of the responders gradually become resistant to this therapy. Changes in tumors from an androgen-responsive to an androgen-unresponsive state have been widely discussed. Since androgen action is mediated by androgen receptor (AR), abnormalities of AR is believed to play an important role of the loss of androgen responsiveness in prostate cancer. This article focused on the role of AR in the progression of prostate cancer.
Insights
Prostate cancer growth relies on androgens. This review explores how androgen receptor (AR) abnormalities drive resistance to hormonal therapy, leading to advanced prostate cancer progression.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Endocrinology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Prostate cancer growth is androgen-dependent.
- Hormonal therapy is a primary treatment for advanced prostate cancer.
- Therapy resistance develops in over 50% of patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of the androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cancer progression.
- To understand the mechanisms of resistance to androgen deprivation therapy.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on androgen receptor function and prostate cancer.
- Analysis of molecular changes associated with therapy resistance.
Main Results:
- Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is crucial for prostate cancer cell growth.
- Abnormalities in AR signaling contribute to the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer.
- AR mutations and amplifications are key mechanisms of resistance.
Conclusions:
- Androgen receptor (AR) plays a critical role in the progression of prostate cancer.
- Targeting AR signaling remains a key strategy for prostate cancer treatment.
- Understanding AR abnormalities is essential for overcoming therapy resistance.