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Reproducibility of peri-implant probing using a force-controlled probe
P Eickholz1, F L Grotkamp, H Steveling
1Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Germany. peter_eickholz@med.uni-heidelberg.de
Clinical Oral Implants Research
|March 17, 2001
Summary
This study found that probing depth (PD) and vertical attachment level (PAL-V) measurements at dental implants showed higher variability than at natural teeth. Factors like implant position and gingival index influenced measurement error, suggesting careful technique is needed for accurate implant assessments.
Area of Science:
- Dental Implantology
- Periodontology
- Biomaterials Science
Background:
- Accurate measurement of probing depth (PD) and vertical attachment level (PAL-V) is crucial for monitoring peri-implant health.
- Reproducibility of these measurements at endosseous implants compared to natural teeth requires thorough investigation.
- Previous studies have indicated potential challenges in achieving consistent measurements around implants.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the intraexaminer reproducibility of probing depth (PD) and vertical attachment level (PAL-V) measurements at endosseous implants.
- To compare the reproducibility of PD and PAL-V measurements between different implant systems (Frialit-2, Astra) and natural teeth.
- To identify factors influencing the variability of PD and PAL-V measurements at implants and teeth.
Main Methods:
- Twenty partially edentulous patients with 44 Frialit-2 and 30 Astra implants were examined.
- Clinical parameters including PD and PAL-V were measured at six sites per tooth/implant using a flexible plastic universal explorer (TPS probe).
- Measurements were repeated, and probing force was assessed using a precision balance to determine intraexaminer reproducibility.
Main Results:
- Intraexaminer standard deviations for PD/PAL-V were Frialit-2: 0.71/0.74 mm; Astra: 0.72/0.75 mm; teeth: 0.59/0.57 mm.
- Measurement error for PD and PAL-V was higher at implants than at teeth, influenced by implant position and gingival index (P<0.001).
- Variability was lower at anterior teeth compared to posterior teeth (P<0.001); probe and probe holder influenced probing force minimally.
Conclusions:
- Intraexaminer variability of PD and PAL-V measurements tends to be higher at implants than at natural teeth.
- Implant/tooth position and gingival inflammation significantly influence measurement error, impacting diagnostic accuracy.
- While probe characteristics slightly affect probing force, the observed differences are clinically insignificant.