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Vaccinia virus recombinants encoding the truncated structural gene region of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus

R J Phillpotts1, T L Lescott, S C Jacobs

  • 1D.E.R.A., Biological Sciences Department, Chemical and Biological Defence Sector, Porton Down, Wiltshire, UK. bjphillpotts@mail.dera.gov.uk

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Vaccinia virus (VV) recombinants expressing Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) genes protect mice against VEEV challenge. However, current vaccines need improvement for effective airborne protection and robust immune responses.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccine Development

Background:

  • Vaccinia virus (VV) recombinants expressing Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) genes offer protection against VEEV.
  • Existing VV-VEEV vaccines provide solid protection against peripheral VEEV challenge but limited protection against airborne challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the protective efficacy of VV recombinants encoding truncated VEEV structural genes against VEEV challenge.
  • To investigate the role of specific VEEV antigens in protection and improve vaccine immunogenicity.

Main Methods:

  • Construction and evaluation of VV recombinants expressing VEEV structural genes (E3-E2-6K-E1, E3-E2-6K, 6K-E1).
  • Assessment of protection in Balb/c mice against peripheral and airborne VEEV challenge.
  • Analysis of antibody and local IgA responses.

Main Results:

  • VV recombinants expressing truncated VEEV genes (E3-E2-6K-E1, E3-E2-6K) conferred protection against virulent VEEV challenge.
  • The E2 antigen plays a crucial role in VEEV vaccine-induced protection.
  • Protection against airborne VEEV challenge was not improved, highlighting the need for substantial circulating antibodies and local IgA.

Conclusions:

  • Truncated VEEV structural genes cloned into VV can induce protective immunity against VEEV.
  • Enhanced immunogenicity is required for VV-VEEV vaccines to achieve effective protection against airborne VEEV challenge.
  • Further research is needed to optimize VV-VEEV vaccine strategies for comprehensive VEEV protection.