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Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
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Lipid Bilayer Vesicle Generation Using Microfluidic Jetting
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Published on: February 21, 2014

Three ways to make a vesicle.

T Kirchhausen1

  • 1Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. kirchhausen@crystal.harvard.edu

Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
|March 17, 2001
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cellular transport relies on protein-coated vesicles. Key coat proteins like COPI, COPII, and clathrin orchestrate vesicle budding, revealing a complex process for intracellular cargo delivery.

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Last Updated: Jun 5, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Intracellular transport relies on the formation of carrier vesicles.
  • Specific protein coats, including COPI, COPII, and clathrin, are essential for vesicle budding.
  • Understanding these protein interactions is crucial for comprehending cellular organization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the general mechanisms governing coated vesicle formation.
  • To explore the complex sequential interactions of coat proteins during vesicle budding.
  • To refine existing models of intracellular transport.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of protein-protein interactions involved in vesicle formation.
  • Observation of vesicle budding dynamics.
  • Comparative study of different coat protein systems (COPI, COPII, clathrin).

Main Results:

  • Identified sequential protein interactions critical for vesicle budding.
  • Demonstrated the programmed nature of coat protein assembly.
  • Highlighted the complexity and variability in vesicle formation processes.

Conclusions:

  • A general model for coated vesicle formation is emerging.
  • The process involves a complex interplay of coat proteins.
  • Current models require further refinement to capture the full complexity of intracellular transport.