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Related Concept Videos

Gastrulation01:56

Gastrulation

Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata will form...
Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the anterior...
Determination01:51

Determination

During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In contrast, determination...
Structure of Cadherins01:25

Structure of Cadherins

The cadherins were one of the first cell adhesion molecules discovered; the term “cadherins”   is based on their calcium-dependent adhering properties. The first cadherins discovered on the epithelial, neuronal, and placental cells were named E-cadherin, P-cadherin, and N-cadherin, respectively. These classical cadherins share sequence and structural similarities. Other cadherins, including those involved in cell signaling, are grouped into non-classical cadherins. This diversity of cadherins...
Catenins01:23

Catenins

Catenins are characterized by multiple binding domains and dynamic structures that allow them to function as linker proteins in cell junction complexes. All catenins, except α-catenin, contain a characteristic protein sequence called the armadillo repeat and are therefore also called armadillo proteins.
Catenins in Cell Junctions
Catenins bind to cell adhesion molecules such as cadherins and link them to different cytoskeletal proteins depending on the type of cell junction. At the adherens...
Cadherins in Tissue Organization01:19

Cadherins in Tissue Organization

The cadherins are a superfamily of cell adhesion molecules comprising over 180 variants, with specific tissues expressing a particular combination of cadherin types. Cadherins generally exhibit homophilic binding; i.e., cadherins on one cell bind to cadherins of the same or closely related type on another cell. Thus, cells of the same type have a specific affinity to bind to each other and sort themselves into clusters to form tissues.
Cell Sorting During Development
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Related Experiment Video

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Assessing Signaling Properties of Ectodermal Epithelia During Craniofacial Development
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Cadherins in embryonic and neural morphogenesis.

U Tepass1, K Truong, D Godt

  • 1Department of Zoology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G5, Canada. utepass@zoo.utoronto.ca

Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
|March 20, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Cadherins are crucial proteins that maintain cell structure and guide cell behaviors like migration and tissue organization. They also play vital roles in neural development and function within the central nervous system.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Cadherins are cell adhesion molecules essential for multicellular organism development and tissue homeostasis.
  • They mediate calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion, influencing tissue architecture and cellular interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the multifaceted roles of cadherins in cellular and tissue organization.
  • To highlight cadherin involvement in cell polarization, migration, and neural development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on cadherin functions.
  • Analysis of cadherin-mediated processes in various biological contexts.

Main Results:

  • Cadherins are key regulators of cell and tissue polarization.
  • They control fundamental cell movements, including sorting, migration, and rearrangements.
  • Cadherins are implicated in neurite outgrowth, pathfinding, and synaptic functions in the CNS.

Conclusions:

  • Cadherins are indispensable for maintaining structural integrity and orchestrating diverse cellular behaviors.
  • Their functions extend from basic tissue organization to complex neural processes, underscoring their broad biological significance.