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Related Experiment Videos

Neurology in ancient faces.

O Appenzeller1, J M Stevens, R Kruszynski

  • 1New Mexico Health Enhancement and Marathon Clinics Research Foundation, 361 Big Horn Ridge, NE Albuquerque, NM 87122-1424, USA. ottoarun12@aol.com

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
|March 20, 2001
PubMed
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Clinical paleoneurology is possible by examining ancient portraits and skulls. This study identified neurological conditions like Parry-Romberg syndrome and tropia in ancient individuals.

Area of Science:

  • Paleoneurology
  • Medical imaging
  • Forensic anthropology

Background:

  • Clinical paleoneurology, the study of neurological diseases in ancient populations, is an emerging field.
  • Ancient portraits offer a unique window into the appearance of individuals in life, potentially revealing neurological conditions.
  • The Fayum region of Egypt, known for its mummy portraits, is a key area for this research.

Observation:

  • Approximately 200 mummy portraits from the early first millennium CE were analyzed.
  • Thirty-two skulls from Hawara, Egypt, were measured using nine caliper points per side.
  • Statistical analysis, including ANOVA, was performed on skull measurements, and one skull underwent 3D CT scanning.

Findings:

  • Two individuals exhibited signs consistent with progressive facial hemiatrophy (Parry-Romberg syndrome).

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  • Three individuals showed deviations of the visual axes (tropia).
  • One individual presented with oval pupils (corectopia), suggesting potential neurological dysfunction.

    • Implications:

    • The study demonstrates the feasibility of diagnosing neurological conditions in ancient populations through portrait and skeletal analysis.
    • Identified conditions suggest possible focal epilepsy, hemiplegic migraine, and autonomic nervous system dysfunction in the studied individuals.
    • This research opens new avenues for understanding the history of neurological diseases and their impact on ancient societies.