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Replication in Eukaryotes

Replication in Eukaryotes

Replication in Eukaryotes

Replication in Eukaryotes

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DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...

Gene Duplication and Divergence

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The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
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Replication in Eukaryotes

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In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Visualization of DNA Replication in the Vertebrate Model System DT40 using the DNA Fiber Technique

Visualization of DNA Replication in the Vertebrate Model System DT40 using the DNA Fiber Technique

Published on: October 27, 2011

Does the parallel evolution pattern between the replication-segregation proteins and HU have a biological

J Oberto¹, J Rouviere-Yaniv

¹Laboratoire de Physiologie Bactérienne, CNRS, UPR 9073, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, 13, rue Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, 75005, Paris, France. oberto@ibpc.fr

|March 20, 2001

Summary

Bacterial chromosome structure and function are better understood through parallel evolution analysis. This study reveals coordinated development between histone-like protein HU and DNA replication/segregation factors.

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Strand-Specific Analysis of Proteins at Replicating DNA Strands by Enrichment and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent DNA Method

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Area of Science:

Microbiology
Molecular Biology
Genetics

Background:

Bacterial chromosomes are complex nucleoprotein structures.
Their apparent disorder challenges understanding of genetic information transfer during cell division.
Recent research explores protein-DNA interactions in replication and segregation.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and validate an in silico method for analyzing bacterial chromosome dynamics.
To investigate the evolutionary relationship between histone-like proteins and DNA processing factors.

Main Methods:

In silico protein sequence comparison.
Phylogenetic analysis.
Comparative genomics.

Main Results:

Identified parallel evolutionary trends between histone-like protein HU and key DNA replication/segregation proteins.
Demonstrated the utility of in silico methods in studying bacterial chromosome organization.

Conclusions:

Protein HU and DNA replication/segregation machinery have co-evolved.
In silico analyses provide a powerful approach to complement experimental findings in bacterial genetics.