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Clinical profile of HIV infection

R H Merchant1, J S Oswal, R V Bhagwat

  • 1Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children, Acharya Dhonde Marg, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India. deandoc2000@yahoo.co.uk

Indian Pediatrics
|March 20, 2001
PubMed

Insights

Vertical transmission is the primary route of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in children. Common clinical features include malnutrition, tuberculosis, and enlarged liver/spleen, with encephalopathy indicating a poor prognosis.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection poses significant health challenges in pediatric populations worldwide.
  • Understanding the clinical profile and transmission routes is crucial for effective management and prevention strategies in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the clinical characteristics and epidemiological patterns of HIV infection among children.
  • To identify the primary modes of HIV transmission and common presenting symptoms in pediatric cases.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study was conducted at a pediatric tertiary care center in an urban setting.
  • 285 HIV-positive children were enrolled, with HIV status confirmed by ELISA.
  • Data collection included demographic information, transmission route, and clinical manifestations.

Main Results:

  • Vertical transmission accounted for the majority of HIV infections (86.66%) in children.
  • Protein energy malnutrition (44.56%) and tuberculosis (29.47%) were the most prevalent clinical features.
  • Hepatomegaly, persistent generalized lymphadenopathy, and skin lesions were also common presenting signs.

Conclusions:

  • Vertical transmission is the predominant mode of pediatric HIV infection.
  • Clinical manifestations such as malnutrition, hepatosplenomegaly, and lymphadenopathy are characteristic.
  • Tuberculosis is a major co-infection, and chronic lung disease and parotitis are notable features; encephalopathy is linked to adverse outcomes.
Abstract

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