Canine coronavirus in Australian dogs

¹School of Science, University of Western Sydney, Nepean, Kingswood, New South Wales 2747.

|March 21, 2001

Summary

Canine coronavirus (CCV) infection is common in Australian dogs, with higher antibody prevalence in kennelled dogs. This study investigated CCV

Area of Science:

Background:

Canine coronavirus (CCV) is a known cause of gastroenteritis in dogs.
Understanding the prevalence of CCV in Australia is crucial for canine health management.
Previous data on CCV seroprevalence in the Australian dog population is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the frequency of serum antibodies (IgG and IgM) to canine coronavirus (CCV) in Australian dogs.
To assess the association between CCV infection and gastroenteritis in dogs.
To evaluate the role of CCV as a causative agent of gastroenteritis in the Australian canine population.

Main Methods:

A serological survey was conducted using an indirect ELISA to detect IgG and IgM antibodies to CCV.
Serum samples from 1396 dogs across various Australian populations, including those with and without diarrhea, were analyzed.
Dogs were categorized into 'open populations' (≤3 dogs per group) and 'kennel populations' for comparative analysis.

Main Results:

CCV antibodies were detected in 15.8% of dogs in open populations and 40.8% in kennelled populations.
Prevalence varied significantly, reaching up to 76% in some kennelled groups.
Dogs with gastroenteritis showed significantly higher rates of recent CCV infection (IgM positive) compared to healthy dogs.

Conclusions:

Serological evidence confirms widespread CCV infection among dogs on the Australian mainland.
Kennelled dog populations exhibit a notably higher prevalence of CCV antibodies than dogs in open housing.
CCV is a significant contributor to canine gastroenteritis in Australia.

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