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CD95/CD95L interactions and their role in autoimmunity
L Ricci-Vitiani1, C Conticello, A Zeuner
1Laboratory of Hematology and Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
Abstract:
CD95 (Fas/Apo-1) is a broadly expressed death receptor involved in a variety of physiological and pathological apoptotic processes. Since its discovery, defects in CD95/CD95L system have been proposed as major pathogenic factors responsible for impaired immunological tolerance to self antigens and autoimmunity. Later, analysis of altered sensitivity to CD95-induced apoptosis in cells targeted by the immune response has revealed an unexpected role for CD95 and CD95L in organ-specific autoimmunity. CD95 has been shown to be expressed and functional in virtually all cell types that are target of the organ-specific autoimmune response. Here we review some of the major findings concerning the role of CD95 in autoimmunity, in dysfunctions due to increased or decreased CD95-induced apoptosis.
Insights
Defects in the CD95/CD95L system are linked to autoimmunity by impairing self-tolerance. This review explores CD95
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- CD95 (Fas/Apo-1) is a death receptor involved in apoptosis.
- The CD95/CD95L system plays a role in immune regulation.
- Dysfunctions in this system are implicated in autoimmune diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of CD95 in autoimmunity.
- To discuss how CD95-induced apoptosis influences autoimmune responses.
- To highlight findings on CD95 in organ-specific autoimmunity.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on CD95 and autoimmunity.
- Analysis of CD95 expression and function in autoimmune target cells.
- Examination of altered CD95-induced apoptosis in autoimmune conditions.
Main Results:
- CD95 is broadly expressed and functional in cells targeted by autoimmune responses.
- Altered CD95 sensitivity is linked to organ-specific autoimmunity.
- Both increased and decreased CD95-induced apoptosis contribute to autoimmune dysfunctions.
Conclusions:
- The CD95/CD95L system is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity.
- Understanding CD95's role is key to developing therapies for autoimmune diseases.
- Further research into CD95 signaling in autoimmunity is warranted.