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Pulmonary manifestations in malaria.

R Rajput1, H Singh, S Singh

  • 1Department of Medicine, Pt BD Sharma Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak.

Journal of the Indian Medical Association
|March 22, 2001
PubMed
Summary
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Malaria can present with respiratory symptoms, often leading to misdiagnosis. Early diagnosis and antimalarial treatment are crucial for patients with fever and respiratory issues to reduce severe illness and death.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Malaria, a significant global health threat, can manifest with atypical respiratory symptoms beyond classic fever presentations.
  • Delayed diagnosis of these respiratory manifestations in malaria can lead to increased patient morbidity and mortality.
  • This study investigates the clinical spectrum of respiratory involvement in malaria and the efficacy of antimalarial treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the clinical presentations of malaria, focusing on respiratory system involvement.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of antimalarial therapies in patients with atypical malaria presentations.
  • To highlight the importance of considering malaria in patients with unexplained respiratory symptoms.

Main Methods:

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  • A study of 100 confirmed malaria cases (slide-positive).
  • Detailed assessment of respiratory system involvement and symptoms.
  • Evaluation of patient response to antimalarial treatment and associated complications.

    • Main Results:

    • Twenty-six percent of malaria patients presented with respiratory issues, including bronchitis, pneumonia, and ARDS.
    • Cough, dyspnea, and chest pain were common symptoms in malaria patients with respiratory involvement.
    • Plasmodium falciparum was the predominant species (96%) in patients with respiratory manifestations.
    • Antimalarial treatment efficacy was similar in patients with and without respiratory symptoms.
    • All patients who developed Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) unfortunately expired.

    Conclusions:

    • Atypical respiratory presentations of malaria occur more frequently than previously reported.
    • Prompt peripheral blood smear examination in febrile patients with respiratory symptoms is vital for diagnosing malaria.
    • Early initiation of antimalarial treatment can significantly decrease malaria-related morbidity and mortality.