Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 28, 2026
Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors
Published on: April 9, 2014
TB prevention in HIV clinics in New York City
J E Sackoff1, L V Torian, T R Frieden
1New York City Department of Health, Office of AIDS Research, New York 10013, USA. jes20@columbia.edu
Setting:
Ten hospital-based human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clinics in New York City.
Objective:
To evaluate tuberculosis (TB) prevention in HIV clinics based on the prevalence and incidence of TB and the efficacy of preventive therapy with isoniazid (INH).
Design:
The medical records of 2393 HIV-infected patients with a first clinic visit in 1995 were reviewed retrospectively. Deaths and TB cases through December 1997 were ascertained through a match with the TB and AIDS registries.
Results:
At first visit, 92 patients (4%) had a history of TB, 98 (4%) were being treated for TB, and six (<1%) were diagnosed with TB. During follow-up, 23 cases were diagnosed, an incidence of 0.53 per 100 person-years (py) (95%CI 0.34-0.77). Among 439 tuberculin skin test (TST) positive patients, the incidence of TB/100 py was 1.63 (95%CI 0.27-5.02) in patients with no INH, 1.28 (95%CI 0.40-2.98) in patients with <12 months of INH, and 1.06 (95%CI 0.38-2.28) in patients with 12 months of INH. The incidence/100 py was 0.0 (95%CI 0.0-0.78) in TST-negative patients and 0.37 (95%CI 0.09-0.95) in anergic patients. The relative risk of TB was 0.65 (95%CI 0.14-4.56) in TST-positive patients with 12 months of INH (vs. none).
Conclusions:
The benefits of TB prevention efforts in these HIV clinics from 1995 to 1997 were limited because most TB occurred before the first clinic visit. Methods for reaching HIV-infected patients earlier should be identified.
Related Concept Videos
01:28Pulmonary Tuberculosis V
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
01:26Sexually Transmitted Infections
01:10Retrovirus Life Cycles
01:29Pulmonary Tuberculosis I
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
01:25Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...