Kawasaki disease: an update

Kawasaki disease is one of the commonest vasculitides seen in children. It presents with prolonged fever and a polymorphic exanthem. It is a major cause of acquired heart disease in western society. Its exact cause is not known, but exposure to a superantigen has been suggested as a possible aetiological factor. Diagnosis of Kawasaki disease still relies on clinical criteria (Table 1) and investigations are done mainly to exclude other diseases and to detect early or established cardiac complications. Coronary complications can be reduced significantly by the use of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy combined with oral aspirin. The serious consequences of Kawasaki disease require a heightened awareness of this condition when dealing with childhood exanthems.