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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Grafting of Beads into Developing Chicken Embryo Limbs to Identify Signal Transduction Pathways Affecting Gene Expression
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Twisted gastrulation can function as a BMP antagonist.

C Chang1, D A Holtzman, S Chau

  • 1Laboratory of Vertebrate Molecular Embryology, The Rockefeller University, Box 32, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA.

Nature
|March 22, 2001
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Twisted gastrulation (TSG) acts as a Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) inhibitor in Xenopus, binding directly to BMPs and forming complexes with chordin. This reveals conserved roles for TSG in vertebrate development.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are crucial for establishing the dorsal-ventral axis in both vertebrates and invertebrates.
  • Secreted factors like chordin/Short gastrulation (SOG) antagonize BMP activity, but the role of Twisted gastrulation (TSG) in vertebrates remained unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize vertebrate Twisted gastrulation (TSG) homologues.
  • To elucidate the mechanism of TSG function in vertebrate development, specifically in Xenopus.

Main Methods:

  • Embryonic explant assays in Xenopus to assess BMP inhibition.
  • Whole-frog embryo experiments to evaluate effects on developmental markers.
  • Biochemical assays to determine TSG binding interactions with BMPs and chordin.

Main Results:

  • Vertebrate TSG homologues were characterized.
  • TSG demonstrated BMP inhibitory function in Xenopus embryonic explants and inhibited ventral markers in whole embryos.
  • TSG directly binds BMPs, forming a ternary complex with chordin, enhancing BMP inhibition.

Conclusions:

  • TSG functions as a BMP inhibitor in Xenopus, playing a role in dorsal-ventral axis determination.
  • TSG may possess additional, yet uncharacterized, functions during frog embryogenesis.
  • The findings suggest conserved roles for TSG in BMP pathway regulation across species.