[Stem cell transplantation in germ cell tumors]

High dose chemotherapy (HDCT) with autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with relapsed or refractory non-seminomatous germ cell tumors seems to be the only therapeutic option with curative intention. Evaluation of a scored risk profile before HDCT might significantly support the precise estimation of results after HDCT. Patients with a negative or low score could achieve long-lasting complete remissions or might be cured, whereas patients with absolutely refractory disease do not benefit from HDCT. Ongoing prospective randomised trials in Europe and USA comparing standard therapy with HDCT will hopefully contribute to the right therapeutic decision in the future.