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How large is the optic disc? Systematic errors in fundus cameras and topographers.

T Meyer1, H C Howland

  • 1Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, W-201 Mudd Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.

Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics : the Journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)
|March 23, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Different machines yield varying optic disc area measurements. Normalization factors are proposed to standardize results, confirming larger optic disc areas in Black individuals and males compared to White individuals and females, respectively.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Biometry

Background:

  • Optic disc area measurement is crucial for diagnosing and monitoring glaucoma and other optic neuropathies.
  • Variability in measurement techniques and equipment can introduce systematic errors.
  • Understanding racial and gender differences in optic disc size is important for accurate clinical interpretation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess systematic differences in optic disc area measurements obtained from different imaging devices and algorithms.
  • To investigate potential racial and gender-based disparities in optic disc area measurements.

Main Methods:

  • A meta-analysis of 23 published studies on normal optic disc sizes was conducted.
  • Normalization factors were calculated for various instruments (Rodenstock Optic Disc Analyzer, Topcon fundus camera, Heidelberg Retina Tomograph, TopSS scanning laser ophthalmoscope) relative to the Zeiss fundus camera.
  • Normalized data were used to re-evaluate racial and gender differences.

Main Results:

  • Significant systematic differences in optic disc area measurements were observed across different machines.
  • Normalization factors were established: RODA (1.51), Topcon (1.04), HRT (1.15), TopSS (1.29).
  • Normalized results confirmed statistically significant larger optic disc areas in Black subjects compared to White subjects (0.556 +/- 0.142 S.E.) and in males compared to females (0.151 +/- .055 S.E.).

Conclusions:

  • Measurement devices and techniques significantly impact optic disc area quantification.
  • Applying the derived normalization factors is recommended for comparing studies using different instruments.
  • Racial and gender variations in optic disc size are confirmed and should be considered in clinical practice.