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Preferential localization of effector memory cells in nonlymphoid tissue.

D Masopust¹, V Vezys, A L Marzo

¹Division of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|March 27, 2001

Summary

Antigen-specific CD8 T cells establish long-lived memory in nonlymphoid tissues. These extralymphoid memory T cells display immediate effector functions, enhancing immune surveillance against intracellular pathogens.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Cellular Biology
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Intracellular pathogens infect diverse tissues, yet T cell immunity at these sites remains poorly understood.
Current knowledge of T cell responses primarily stems from lymphoid tissue analyses, limiting insights into extralymphoid immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the presence and function of CD8 T cells in nonlymphoid tissues during infection.
To determine if memory CD8 T cells in nonlymphoid tissues possess distinct effector capabilities.

Main Methods:

Tracking antigen-specific CD8 T cells following viral or bacterial infection.
Analysis of CD8 T cell populations in both lymphoid (spleen) and nonlymphoid tissues.
Ex vivo assessment of lytic activity in isolated CD8 memory T cells.

Main Results:

Antigen-specific CD8 T cells were found to migrate to and persist as long-lived memory cells in nonlymphoid tissues.
CD8 memory T cells from nonlymphoid tissues exhibited potent effector lytic activity ex vivo.
Splenic CD8 memory T cells showed significantly lower lytic activity compared to their nonlymphoid counterparts.

Conclusions:

A distinct population of extralymphoid effector memory T cells exists.
These extralymphoid T cells are pre-activated and ready for immediate response upon re-exposure to pathogens.
This finding highlights the critical role of nonlymphoid tissues in maintaining robust cellular immunity.