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Explosives detection in soil using a field-portable continuous flow immunosensor.

P R Gauger1, D B Holt, C H Patterson

  • 1GEO-Centers Inc., 1801 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.

Journal of Hazardous Materials
|March 27, 2001
PubMed
Summary
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A new field method accurately screens soil for explosives like 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) in minutes. This rapid immunoassay shows good agreement with lab tests, aiding environmental sample analysis.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Immunotechnology

Background:

  • Soil contamination by explosives poses environmental and health risks.
  • Accurate and rapid detection methods are crucial for site remediation.
  • Existing laboratory methods can be time-consuming and costly for on-site analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe and validate a novel field method for quantitative analysis of explosives in soil.
  • To assess the accuracy, bias, and predictability of the field method.
  • To evaluate the potential of the method for on-site screening of environmental samples.

Main Methods:

  • A displacement immunoassay was performed using the commercial FAST 2000 instrument.
  • Soil extracts were analyzed for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX).

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  • Replicate analyses included controls, blanks, and laboratory standards; statistical analyses were conducted.

    • Main Results:

    • The immunosensor effectively screened environmental samples for explosives within 5 minutes.
    • Quantitative values generally agreed well with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) laboratory analyses.
    • Limited matrix interferences were identified, with efforts underway to mitigate them.

    Conclusions:

    • The described field method provides a rapid and effective means for on-site screening of explosives in soil.
    • The method demonstrates good quantitative agreement with standard laboratory techniques for most samples.
    • Further development is needed to address specific matrix interferences for broader applicability.