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Protein and Protein Structure

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Proteins are one of the most abundant organic molecules in living systems and have the most diverse range of functions of all macromolecules. Proteins may be structural, regulatory, contractile, or protective. They may serve in transport, storage, or membranes; or they may be toxins or enzymes. Their structures, like their functions, vary greatly. They are all, however, amino acid polymers arranged in a linear sequence.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Methods for Comparing Nutrients in Beebread Made by Africanized and European Honey Bees and the Effects on Hemolymph Protein Titers

Methods for Comparing Nutrients in Beebread Made by Africanized and European Honey Bees and the Effects on Hemolymph Protein Titers

Published on: March 17, 2015

Glycoprotein structure determination by mass spectrometry.

A Dell¹, H R Morris

¹Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2AY, UK. a.dell@ic.ac.uk

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|March 28, 2001

Summary

Understanding protein glycosylation is crucial for health and disease research. Advanced mass spectrometry is revolutionizing the study of these complex molecules in the postgenomic era.

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Structural Biology
Proteomics

Background:

The human genome encodes tens of thousands of proteins, with posttranslational modifications significantly impacting their function.
Glycosylation, a key posttranslational event, modifies proteins involved in critical cellular processes.
Understanding protein structure and function is essential in both health and disease contexts.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the importance of posttranslational modifications, particularly glycosylation, in protein function.
To emphasize the role of glycosylated proteins in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions.
To introduce the potential of advanced mass spectrometry in structural glycobiology.

Main Methods:

Utilizing ultrahigh-sensitivity mass spectrometric strategies.

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Analyzing complex mixtures of glycoprotein glycoforms.

Defining the primary structures of glycosylated proteins.

Main Results:

Glycosylated proteins are integral to extracellular matrices and cell surfaces.
Oligosaccharide moieties on glycoproteins mediate diverse recognition events.
Mass spectrometry enables detailed structural analysis of complex glycoforms.

Conclusions:

Posttranslational modifications like glycosylation are critical for protein activity and function.
Glycoproteins play vital roles in cellular communication and interactions.
Ultrahigh-sensitivity mass spectrometry promises to transform structural glycobiology research.