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Stainless steel in bone surgery.

J A Disegi1, L Eschbach

  • 1Synthes Technical Center, West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA.

Injury
|March 29, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Stainless steel is a common biomaterial for internal fixation devices due to its properties and cost. New nickel-free stainless steels offer improved mechanical and corrosion resistance for future implant applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Materials Engineering

Background:

  • Stainless steel is widely used for internal fixation devices owing to its balance of mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, and cost-effectiveness.
  • Its biocompatibility is well-established through decades of successful clinical use.
  • Standardized material specifications (ISO, ASTM) ensure quality for implant-grade stainless steel.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the properties and applications of stainless steel as a biomaterial for internal fixation.
  • To highlight the advantages of stainless steel, including handling characteristics during surgery.
  • To introduce novel nickel-free stainless steels and their potential benefits.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on stainless steel biomaterials.
  • Analysis of material specifications and properties relevant to orthopedic implants.
  • Comparison of stainless steel with other metallic implant materials, such as titanium.

Main Results:

  • Stainless steel offers a favorable combination of mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and cost-effectiveness.
  • Surgeons can better manage stainless steel bone screws due to tactile feedback on plastic deformation, preventing over-tightening.
  • New nickel-free stainless steels demonstrate enhanced mechanical properties and superior corrosion resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Stainless steel remains a primary choice for internal fixation devices due to its proven track record and balanced attributes.
  • Nickel-free stainless steel compositions present a promising advancement, addressing nickel sensitivity while offering superior performance for future orthopedic implant applications.

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