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Parvovirus B19 antibodies in immunocompromized children in Thailand
P Suandork1, A Theamboonlers, S Likitnukul
1Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University & Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.
Insights
Parvovirus B19 IgG antibodies were found in 16% of immunocompromized Thai children. Post-transplant patients had the highest prevalence (33.3%), while all children were negative for IgM antibodies, indicating no current infection.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Parvovirus B19 is a widespread virus with high seroprevalence in adults.
- Clinical outcomes of Parvovirus B19 infection vary based on immune status, ranging from mild childhood illness to severe conditions like hydrops fetalis.
- Immunocompromized individuals may be at higher risk for severe Parvovirus B19 infections.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the seroprevalence of Parvovirus B19 infection in immunocompromized children in Thailand.
- To determine the prevalence of IgG and IgM antibodies against Parvovirus B19 in different subgroups of immunocompromized children.
Main Methods:
- Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used to detect IgM and IgG antibodies to Parvovirus B19.
- A cohort of 106 immunocompromized children in Thailand was studied, including those undergoing chemotherapy, post-organ transplantation, on corticosteroids, and with HIV.
- Antibody levels were analyzed across these distinct immunocompromized subgroups.
Main Results:
- Overall IgG antibody prevalence to Parvovirus B19 in the studied children was 16.0%.
- The highest IgG prevalence was observed in children post-organ transplantation (33.3%), followed by children positive for HIV (16.0%), those on chemotherapy (12.2%), and those on corticosteroids (7.6%).
- All 106 children tested negative for IgM antibodies, suggesting no acute Parvovirus B19 infection at the time of the study.
Conclusions:
- Parvovirus B19 IgG antibodies are prevalent among immunocompromized children in Thailand, particularly in post-transplant recipients.
- The absence of IgM antibodies indicates a lack of current Parvovirus B19 infection in this cohort.
- Further research may be warranted to understand the implications of past Parvovirus B19 exposure in immunocompromized pediatric populations.
Abstract:
Parvovirus B19, a non-enveloped single stranded DNA virus is distributed worldwide. Sero-prevalence in adult populations amounts to approximately 50%. Clinical manifestations vary depending on the Immune status of the infected individuals and may include mild childhood Infection as well as hydrops fetalis due to intrauterine infection. To determine the prevalence of this infection among the immunocompromized individuals in Thailand, we determined, by indirect ELISA, levels of IgM and IgG antibodies to the parvovirus B19 in 106 immunocompromized children. These included 49 children who were on chemotherapy for treatment of malignancies, 18 who were receiving immunosuppressive drugs after organ transplantations, 14 who were under a regimen of corticosteroids and 25 who were positive for antibodies to HIV. The average prevalence of IgG antibodies in 106 children was 16.0%; the prevalence of antibodies was 33.3% in post-transplanted group, 16% in children positive for HIV, 12.2% in the group receiving chemotherapy for malignancies and 7.6% in the group treated with corticosteroids. All children were negative for IgM antibodies to parvovirus B19.