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Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets01:17

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Hepatitis01:25

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Genital Herpes01:23

Genital Herpes

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Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

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[Viral hepatitis delta. Is there the delta infection problem in the Russian Federation?].

Eksperimental'naia i klinicheskaia gastroenterologiia = Experimental & clinical gastroenterology·2015
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[Epidemiology of viral hepatitis].

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Updated: Jul 24, 2026

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
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Published on: June 26, 2020

[HGV and TTV - new hepatitis viruses].

A S Loginov, T I Sharafanova, V I Reshetniak

    Terapevticheskii Arkhiv
    |March 29, 2001
    PubMed
    Summary

    Hepatitis G virus (HGV) and TT virus (TTV) infections were found in nearly 20% and 12% of chronic liver disease patients, respectively. Their exact role in liver disease and treatment efficacy require further investigation.

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    Area of Science:

    • Hepatology
    • Virology
    • Immunology

    Background:

    • Chronic hepatic diseases (CHD) present complex etiological challenges.
    • Hepatitis G virus (HGV) and TT virus (TTV) are emerging viral agents with incompletely understood roles in liver pathology.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the clinical, immunological, and morphological characteristics of HGV and TTV infections in patients with CHD.
    • To evaluate the effectiveness of interferon-alpha treatment in HGV-seropositive patients, particularly those with co-infections.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of 202 patients with CHD for markers of HBV, HCV, HGV, and TTV infections.
    • Liver biopsy was performed on a subset of patients.
    • Interferon-alpha treatment efficacy was assessed in patients with HGV and HBV/HCV co-infections.

    Main Results:

    • HGV RNA and TTV DNA were detected in 19.8% and 11.8% of patients, respectively.
    • Biochemical and morphological changes in patients with HGV and TTV monoinfections indicated a potential role in liver disease.
    • Two out of seven patients with HGV + HBV/HCV co-infections showed a positive response to interferon-alpha treatment after 3 months.

    Conclusions:

    • The precise contribution of HGV and TTV to the pathogenesis of chronic hepatic diseases remains uncertain.
    • Further research is essential for the detection and comprehensive examination of patients infected with HGV and TTV.
    • Therapeutic strategies should consider the presence of HGV RNA, TTV DNA, viral genome in hepatocytes, and histological liver changes.