Natural color scanning electron microscopy based on the frequency characteristics of the human visual system

The principles of image formation in natural color scanning electron microscopy (NC-SEM) are discussed in detail. This method is based on the frequency characteristic of the human visual system. It is shown that the Mach effect and masking effect are important in the characteristics. The former, which can enhance structural details, is visually similar to the edge effect in secondary electron (SE) images, and the latter is required for proper representation of very degraded color information obtained from a light microscope. When using these effects suitably, an NC-SEM image with the resolution equivalent to that of an SEM image can be acquired, though it is composed of an SEM image and a special video microscopy (VM) image with a resolution much lower than the SEM image of the identical view. The NC-SEM is more effective than the SEM in observation. interpretation, and analysis of various samples with important color information.