Progress in clinical trials for coronary arterial restenosis using beta radiation sources

Vascular brachytherapy has yet taken the leap into progression from emerging technology to standard of care dependent on the outcome of clinical trials. Data collected from early pilot trials and on-going clinical trials indicate that such a progression is achievable. Three-year follow-up data from patients treated with intracoronary radiation for the prevention of restenosis are now available. Data from larger trials are being assessed using angiographic and intravascular ultrasound analysis. The beta radiation studies are demonstrating different levels of efficacy, raising new issues regarding dosimetry and potential complications. Past trials have examined the use of vascular brachytherapy for recurrence prevention of restenosis in patients with in-stent restenosis. New data related to the use of liquid-filled balloon systems and radioactive stent are also being collected. This article updates the current status of clinical trials in vascular brachytherapy utilizing beta emitters, highlighting preliminary results and assessing their implications for the development of this field.