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Methylated DNA sequences in genomic imprinting.

J R Mann¹, P E Szabó, M R Reed

¹Division of Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010-3011, USA.

Critical Reviews in Eukaryotic Gene Expression

|March 29, 2001

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

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Genomic imprinting uses DNA methylation to control gene expression based on parent origin. This epigenetic system regulates gene activity by switching regulatory elements on or off, with methylation established in the germ line.

Area of Science:

Epigenetics
Molecular Biology
Genetics

Background:

Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic phenomenon controlling parent-of-origin-specific gene expression.
Imprinted genes are regulated by differentially methylated regions (DMRs) with conserved structural features.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the regulatory role of methylation in genomic imprinting.
To investigate the mechanisms establishing differential methylation in the germ line.

Main Methods:

Sequence and methylation analysis of imprinted genes.
Identification of primary differentially methylated regions (DMRs).

Main Results:

Primary DMRs act as regulatory elements, functioning as chromatin insulators and antisense transcript promoters.

Related Experiment Videos

Methylation status (presence or absence) dictates the regulatory capacity of these elements.

Evidence suggests methylation regulates gene regulatory elements in genomic imprinting.

Conclusions:

Genomic imprinting involves the regulation of gene regulatory elements by methylation.
Establishing differential methylation in the germ line is a key challenge.
Trans-acting factors and repeat elements likely mediate methylation establishment in germ cells.