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Social complexity and social intelligence.

A Whiten1

  • 1School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9JU, UK.

Novartis Foundation Symposium
|March 30, 2001
PubMed
Summary
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The evolution of primate intelligence is examined, focusing on the Social Intelligence Hypothesis. This theory suggests intelligence evolved for complex social interactions, challenging views of intelligence as a general capacity.

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Psychology
  • Primatology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • The nature of intelligence can refer to its structure or evolutionary function.
  • The Social Intelligence Hypothesis posits primate intelligence evolved due to social complexities.
  • This challenges traditional views of intelligence as a general-purpose capacity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the evolution of intelligence in primates from both structural and functional perspectives.
  • To outline the components of social intelligence and its engaging social complexity.
  • To address whether social intelligence and its subcomponents are domain-specific.

Main Methods:

  • Review of empirical support for the Social Intelligence Hypothesis.
  • Analysis of the structural and functional aspects of primate intelligence.

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  • Consideration of alternative hypotheses, such as second-order mental representation in great apes.

    • Main Results:

    • The Social Intelligence Hypothesis has garnered significant empirical support over the past two decades.
    • Intelligence in primates appears to be largely an adaptation to intricate social environments.
    • The structure of intelligence itself may be inherently social, not general-purpose.

    Conclusions:

    • Primate intelligence is significantly shaped by social complexities, supporting the Social Intelligence Hypothesis.
    • The 'social' nature of intelligence challenges the notion of a general-purpose cognitive capacity.
    • Further investigation into domain specificity versus shared representational capacities is warranted.