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Working memory capacity and strategy use.

D S McNamara1, J L Scott

  • 1Psychology Department, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA. dmcnamar@odu.edu

Memory & Cognition
|March 30, 2001
PubMed
Summary
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Learning memory strategies significantly boosts performance on working memory (WM) and short-term memory (STM) tasks. Strategy training improved WM and STM task outcomes, highlighting the impact of strategic approaches.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Educational Psychology

Background:

  • Working memory (WM) and short-term memory (STM) are crucial cognitive functions.
  • The role of explicit strategy instruction in improving WM/STM performance is an area of ongoing research.
  • Understanding how strategy use impacts memory tasks can inform educational and therapeutic interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of strategy training on short-term memory (STM) and working memory (WM) task performance.
  • To determine if improvements in WM/STM are attributable to strategy acquisition rather than mere practice.
  • To explore the relationship between pre-existing strategy use, verbal skills, and WM performance.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: Participants received strategy training (story-formation) for STM tasks, with pre- and post-training assessments of STM and WM performance.

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  • Experiment 2: A control group received practice without strategy instruction to isolate the effect of training.
  • Pre-training assessment of strategy use on STM tasks was correlated with WM performance and verbal skills.

    • Main Results:

    • Participants who received strategy training showed significant improvements in both STM and WM task performance.
    • The control group did not exhibit similar improvements, indicating that strategy instruction, not just practice, was key.
    • Higher levels of strategy use before training correlated with better WM performance and stronger verbal skills.

    Conclusions:

    • Explicit strategy instruction is effective in enhancing performance on both STM and WM tasks.
    • Strategy use is a significant factor influencing working memory capabilities.
    • Individuals with better verbal skills may be more inclined to use effective memory strategies.