Use of percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (PENS) for treating ECT-induced headaches
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Updated: Oct 8, 2026

Breathing-controlled Electrical Stimulation (BreEStim) for Management of Neuropathic Pain and Spasticity
Published on: January 10, 2013
E A Ghoname1, W F Craig, P F White
1Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5161 Harry Hines Boulevard, Suite CS2.202, Dallas, TX 75235-9068, USA.
Abstract:
Five patients who experienced migrainelike attacks associated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) were treated using a novel nonpharmacologic therapy known as percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (PENS). In this sham-controlled preliminary evaluation, PENS therapy proved to be a useful alternative to opioid analgesics for the acute treatment and/or prevention of ECT-induced headache.

