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Executive functioning in high-functioning children with autism.

M Liss1, D Fein, D Allen

  • 1University of Connecticut, Storrs, USA.

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines
|March 31, 2001
PubMed
Summary
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Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) and high-functioning autistic disorder (HAD) showed similar executive functioning, with no significant differences after accounting for verbal IQ. Impaired executive function is not universal in autism and unlikely to cause autistic behaviors.

Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Child Psychology

Background:

  • Executive functioning (EF) is often associated with neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • Previous research suggests potential executive function deficits in both developmental language disorder (DLD) and high-functioning autistic disorder (HAD).
  • Understanding the specific EF profiles in DLD and HAD is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare executive functioning in children with DLD and HAD.
  • To investigate the relationship between executive functioning, IQ, and autistic symptomatology in these groups.
  • To determine if executive function deficits are a universal feature of autism.

Main Methods:

  • Participants: 34 children with DLD and 21 children with HAD, matched on IQ, age, and SES.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Cognitive assessments: Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Mazes, Underlining test, Rapid Automatized Naming.
  • Additional measures: Vineland Scales of Adaptive Functioning, Wing Diagnostic Symptom Checklist.

    • Main Results:

    • The only significant difference between DLD and HAD groups was in perseverative errors on the WCST.
    • This difference in perseverative errors disappeared when verbal IQ was statistically controlled.
    • Executive functioning was strongly related to IQ variables in both groups, particularly verbal IQ in the HAD group.

    Conclusions:

    • Impaired executive functioning is not a universal characteristic of autism spectrum disorder.
    • Executive function deficits in HAD are likely influenced by verbal IQ and may not directly cause autistic behaviors or adaptive functioning deficits.
    • The findings suggest that EF impairments may not be the primary driver of autistic symptomatology or adaptive difficulties.