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Related Concept Videos

Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

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Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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Self-Concept

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Self-concept is the cognitive and emotional understanding individuals hold about their identity. It evolves through various developmental stages, beginning in infancy and maturing as children grow. This concept influences how individuals perceive their abilities, interact with others, and manage challenges throughout life.
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Longitudinal Studies01:26

Longitudinal Studies

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Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
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Concepts and Prototypes01:24

Concepts and Prototypes

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The human nervous system handles vast amounts of information by translating sensory stimuli into neural impulses, which the brain processes, creating thoughts expressed through language or stored as memories. The brain also synthesizes information from emotions and memories, which significantly influence thoughts and behaviors. This intricate process creates a comprehensive mental picture.
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Formula Mass and Mole Concepts of Compounds02:56

Formula Mass and Mole Concepts of Compounds

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Formula Mass of Covalent Compounds
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Concept of Pressure at a Point01:15

Concept of Pressure at a Point

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The concept of pressure at a point in a fluid establishes that pressure within a fluid is uniform in all directions at a specific location. This uniformity occurs because fluid molecules exert force evenly across any point due to their random motion and continuous collisions within the fluid. Pressure at a point is determined by the surrounding fluid molecules and is influenced by factors like depth and density, rather than by shape or orientation.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 16, 2026

Problem-Solving Before Instruction PS-I: A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
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Problem-Solving Before Instruction PS-I: A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities

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Conceptions of ability as stable and self-evaluative processes: a longitudinal examination.

E M Pomerantz1, J L Saxon

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 61820, USA. pomerntz@uiuc.edu

Child Development
|March 31, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Children

Area of Science:

  • Child Psychology
  • Educational Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Beliefs about ability stability are often assumed to negatively impact self-evaluation.
  • Empirical evidence suggests a more nuanced relationship between ability conceptions and outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the longitudinal effects of children's conceptions of ability stability on academic and social self-evaluative processes.
  • To differentiate between ability conceived as stable to external versus internal forces.

Main Methods:

  • A three-wave longitudinal study over 12 months with 932 older elementary school children.
  • Assessed conceptions of ability stability, importance of competence, performance knowledge, challenge preference, perceptions of competence, and attributions.

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  • Collected children's grades and peer acceptance as performance indicators.

    • Main Results:

    • Believing ability is stable to external forces positively influenced academic outcomes and self-perceptions.
    • Believing ability is stable to internal forces was associated with lower competence importance, challenge avoidance, and poorer performance.

    Conclusions:

    • Conceptions of ability stability have differential longitudinal impacts on children's academic and social development.
    • External attributions for ability stability may foster adaptive self-evaluative processes, while internal attributions may be linked to maladaptive patterns.