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Related Experiment Videos

Medial elbow problems in the overhead-throwing athlete.

F S Chen1, A S Rokito, F W Jobe

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Suite 322, University of Southern California School of Medicine, 1510 San Pablo, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
|April 3, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Overhead athletes risk medial elbow injuries from throwing. Advances in treatment allow most injured athletes to return to competitive activity.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Overhead throwing athletes experience significant valgus stress on the elbow.
  • Repetitive throwing motions lead to overuse injuries in the medial elbow structures.
  • Common injuries include ulnar collateral ligament complex damage, valgus extension overload, flexor-pronator musculature issues, and ulnar neuropathy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the distinct injury patterns of the medial elbow in overhead-throwing athletes.
  • To discuss the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of these injuries.
  • To highlight advancements in nonoperative and operative management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on medial elbow injuries in overhead athletes.
  • Analysis of biomechanical factors contributing to injury.

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  • Discussion of clinical presentation and treatment outcomes.

    • Main Results:

    • Ulnar collateral ligament injuries cause valgus instability.
    • Valgus extension overload results in osseous changes and impingement.
    • Flexor-pronator overuse leads to medial epicondylitis and muscle tears.
    • Ulnar neuropathy is frequently associated with these injuries.

    Conclusions:

    • Current treatment strategies, both nonoperative and operative, effectively restore elbow function.
    • Most injured overhead athletes can successfully return to their sport.
    • Further research into anatomy, biomechanics, and pathophysiology will aid in injury prevention and treatment.