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Related Experiment Videos

The AraC transcriptional activators.

R G Martin1, J L Rosner

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0560, USA. rgmartin@helix.nih.gov

Current Opinion in Microbiology
|April 3, 2001
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Bacterial AraC transcriptional activators use helix-turn-helix elements to bind DNA. Sugar metabolism activators require allosteric changes for activation, while virulence activators bind both upstream and downstream DNA sites.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The AraC family of bacterial transcriptional activators controls various genetic systems.
  • Structural studies reveal MarA and Rob activators bind asymmetric DNA sites using helix-turn-helix motifs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms of transcriptional activation by AraC family proteins.
  • To understand the role of DNA binding orientation and interactions with RNA polymerase (RNAP).

Main Methods:

  • X-ray diffraction studies to determine protein-DNA complex structures.
  • Genetic analyses to investigate activator-RNAP interactions and DNA binding requirements.

Main Results:

  • Activator binding orientation is crucial and depends on DNA site proximity to the -10 RNAP signal.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Sugar metabolism activators undergo allosteric changes upon sugar/CRP interaction to bind activating sites.
  • The virulence activator Rns requires binding to both upstream and downstream sites for rns promoter activation.

    • Conclusions:

    • AraC activators exhibit diverse DNA binding and activation strategies.
    • Allosteric regulation and multi-site DNA interactions are key to controlling gene expression in bacteria.