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An integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function.

E K Miller1, J D Cohen

  • 1Center for Learning and Memory, RIKEN-MIT Neuroscience Research Center and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. ekm@ai.mit.edu

Annual Review of Neuroscience
|April 3, 2001
PubMed
Summary
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Cognitive control relies on the prefrontal cortex actively maintaining goal representations. This brain region sends bias signals to guide actions toward achieving objectives.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • The prefrontal cortex is implicated in cognitive control.
  • The neural mechanisms underlying cognitive control are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a theory for the neural basis of cognitive control.
  • To explain how the prefrontal cortex facilitates goal-directed behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Review of neurophysiological studies.
  • Analysis of neurobiological evidence.
  • Examination of neuroimaging data.
  • Integration of computational modeling insights.

Main Results:

  • Cognitive control originates from sustained activity patterns in the prefrontal cortex.

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  • These patterns represent goals and the strategies to achieve them.
  • The prefrontal cortex modulates other brain areas via bias signals.

    • Conclusions:

    • The proposed theory offers a framework for understanding cognitive control.
    • Active maintenance of goal representations in the prefrontal cortex is key.
    • Further research is needed to explore implications and remaining questions.