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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing specific...
Nuclear Localization Signals and Import01:46

Nuclear Localization Signals and Import

Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry short stretches of amino acid sequences called the nuclear localization signal or NLS. Classical nuclear localization signals are of two types: monopartite and bipartite NLS. Monopartite classical NLS (cNLS) consists of a single cluster of 4-8 amino acids. Bipartite cNLS consists of two clusters of  2-3 amino acids and a 9-12 residue long proline-rich linker bridging the two clusters. Signal clusters are rich in positively charged amino acids such as...
Post-translational Translocation of Proteins to the RER01:27

Post-translational Translocation of Proteins to the RER

A sizable fraction of proteins destined for ER are first synthesized in the cell cytosol and then transported across the ER membrane–a process called post-translational translocation. Similar to cotranslationally translocated proteins, these proteins also use the Sec translocon complex to enter the ER lumen.
Targeting proteins to the ER
Hsp40 and Hsp70 chaperone molecules bind the translated proteins in the cytosol to prevent their folding. The chaperone binding helps to keep the signal...
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing specific...

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Related Experiment Video

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Visualization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Localized mRNAs in Mammalian Cells
10:24

Visualization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Localized mRNAs in Mammalian Cells

Published on: December 17, 2012

mRNA localization: message on the move.

R P Jansen1

  • 1Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. r.jansen@mail.zmbh.uni-heidelberg.de

Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
|April 3, 2001
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) localization directs protein synthesis to specific cell areas. Identifying mRNA signals and protein factors reveals the mechanisms behind mRNA transport and spatial regulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cytoplasmic messenger RNA (mRNA) localization is crucial for spatially restricted protein synthesis.
  • Understanding this process requires characterizing cis-acting signals on mRNAs and trans-acting factors that bind them.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the mechanisms of mRNA transport and localization.
  • To identify the machinery involved in regulating protein synthesis spatially.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of cis-acting signals within localized mRNAs.
  • Identification of trans-acting factors that recognize these signals.

Main Results:

  • Defined specific sequence elements (cis-acting signals) responsible for mRNA localization.
  • Identified protein factors (trans-acting factors) that interact with these signals.

Conclusions:

  • The characterization of cis-acting signals and trans-acting factors provides a foundation for understanding mRNA localization.
  • This knowledge advances the study of molecular machinery governing spatial protein synthesis.