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Extra-laryngeal head and neck tuberculosis.

C Sierra1, J Fortún, C Barros

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Spain.

Clinical Microbiology and Infection : the Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
|April 4, 2001
PubMed
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Extra-laryngeal head and neck tuberculosis is rare and presents insidiously. Diagnosis often requires biopsy due to lack of lung involvement, but treatment with antituberculous drugs typically leads to favorable outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Otorhinolaryngology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Extra-laryngeal head and neck tuberculosis is an uncommon clinical presentation.
  • Distinguishing it from other head and neck pathologies can be challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the clinical characteristics, diagnostic challenges, and treatment outcomes of patients with extra-laryngeal head and neck tuberculosis.
  • To highlight the diagnostic difficulties and management of this rare condition.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective multicenter study.
  • Inclusion of patients with head and neck tuberculosis (excluding laryngeal and solitary lymphadenitis).
  • Confirmation of tuberculosis via culture and/or histological granuloma with acid-fast bacilli (AFB).

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Main Results:

  • 16 patients identified with locations including oral cavity, pharynx, ear, salivary glands, nose, and sinuses.
  • Average symptom duration of 11.5 months; positive purified protein derivative (PPD) in most tested patients.
  • Biopsy was essential for diagnosis; pulmonary tuberculosis was uncommon. Tuberculous otitis carried risks of complications, including meningitis.

Conclusions:

  • Extra-laryngeal head and neck tuberculosis follows a slow clinical course.
  • Diagnosis is often delayed due to non-specific symptoms and lack of pulmonary involvement.
  • Antituberculous therapy generally yields good results, though tuberculous otitis may lead to severe complications.