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Thyroid hormone receptor expression in rat placenta.

A J Leonard1, I M Evans, M R Pickard

  • 1Division of Molecular Endocrinology, UCL Medical School, Mortimer Street, London W1N 8AA, UK.

Placenta
|April 5, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid hormone receptors (TR) are present in rat placenta, fetal liver, and brain. Placental TR binding activity increases during gestation, suggesting post-transcriptional regulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Thyroid hormones are crucial for mammalian development.
  • Thyroid hormone receptors (TR) mediate the effects of thyroid hormones.
  • The role of TR in placental function and fetal development requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression and function of TRalpha and TRbeta in the rat placenta during late gestation.
  • To compare TR expression and T(3) binding characteristics in the placenta with fetal liver and brain.

Main Methods:

  • Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was used to assess mRNA abundance of TRalpha1, TRbeta1, c-erbAalpha2, and c-erbAalpha3.
  • Nuclear 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T(3)) binding assays were performed to determine dissociation constant (K(d)) and maximal binding capacity (B(max)).

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Main Results:

  • TRalpha1, TRbeta1, c-erbAalpha2, and c-erbAalpha3 mRNA levels in the placenta remained constant between 16 and 21 days of gestation.
  • Placental T(3) binding capacity (B(max)) doubled, while the dissociation constant (K(d)) remained unchanged, indicating post-transcriptional regulation.
  • TR expression patterns differed between placenta, fetal liver, and fetal brain, with distinct T(3) binding affinities.

Conclusions:

  • The rat placenta expresses significant levels of c-erbAalpha and -beta transcripts and proteins.
  • TRs in the placenta may be regulated post-transcriptionally, influencing thyroid hormone action.
  • These findings suggest a potential mechanism for thyroid hormone action in the placenta, involving both maternal and fetal thyroid hormones.