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Mycobacteriosis in birds
L A Tell1, L Woods, R L Cromie
1Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tupper Hall, Room 2108, University of California-Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA.
Summary
Avian mycobacteriosis, a significant bird disease caused by Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium genavense, affects various bird populations. This review covers its epidemiology, diagnosis, and control strategies for avian health.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Pathology
- Avian Diseases
- Microbiology
Background:
- Avian mycobacteriosis is a widespread disease impacting diverse bird species, including companion, captive exotic, wild, and domestic birds.
- The primary causative agents are Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium genavense.
- Lesions commonly affect the liver and gastrointestinal tract but can involve multiple organ systems.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive review of avian mycobacteriosis.
- To discuss the species of Mycobacterium implicated in avian infections.
- To cover epidemiology, immunology, diagnosis, treatment, and control measures.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of scientific publications on avian mycobacteriosis.
- Synthesis of information on Mycobacterium species, disease transmission, and host responses.
- Compilation of diagnostic techniques and therapeutic/preventive strategies.
Main Results:
- Identified Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium genavense as the most frequent pathogens.
- Detailed the typical lesion distribution and potential systemic involvement.
- Summarized current knowledge on immunological responses, diagnostic approaches, and management options.
Conclusions:
- Avian mycobacteriosis presents a significant challenge in avian health management.
- A thorough understanding of its epidemiology, diagnosis, and control is crucial for affected bird populations.
- This review consolidates essential information for veterinarians and researchers involved in avian health.