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Related Experiment Videos

Antagonistic interactions among nephrotoxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

M H Falahatpisheh1, K C Donnelly, K S Ramos

  • 1Center for Environmental and Rural Health, Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine, College Station 77843-4466, USA.

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part A
|April 6, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) show cell-specific kidney toxicity, with mixtures exhibiting antagonistic interactions. This research highlights the complex nature of PAH nephrotoxicity in different kidney cell types.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Toxicology
  • Nephrotoxicology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Liver and lung toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are well-documented.
  • Limited data exist on the specific nephrotoxic potential of PAHs.
  • Environmental exposures often involve complex mixtures of chemicals, not single compounds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define kidney cell-specific toxic responses to anthracene (ANTH), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), and chrysene (CHRY).
  • To evaluate the nephrotoxic potential of binary and ternary mixtures of these PAHs.

Main Methods:

  • Primary cultures of rat glomerular mesangial cells (rGMCs) and porcine cortico-tubular epithelial cells (LLCPK-1) were used.
  • Cells were exposed to varying concentrations (0.03–30 microM) of PAHs for up to 24 hours.

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  • Assays included mitochondrial membrane permeability, trypan blue dye exclusion, cytoplasmic enzyme leakage, and protein synthesis.

    • Main Results:

    • Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) increased mitochondrial fragility and decreased protein synthesis in rGMCs.
    • Anthracene (ANTH) also induced mitochondrial fragility and reduced protein synthesis in rGMCs, but not cell death.
    • Chrysene (CHRY) reduced protein synthesis in LLCPK-1 cells, while BaP and ANTH showed minimal cytotoxicity in these cells.
    • Mixtures of PAHs demonstrated antagonistic interactions in both cell types.

    Conclusions:

    • PAHs exhibit chemical- and cell-specific nephrotoxicity.
    • Toxicological outcomes are significantly influenced by the presence of multiple hydrocarbons in mixtures.
    • Antagonistic interactions were observed in PAH mixtures, suggesting complex dose-response relationships.