Thyroid cytology and histology

Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is an economical procedure that allows prompt evaluation of a thyroidal mass. Careful attention to each step of the aspiration will allow good specimens to be obtained. The cytopathologist should obtain the aspirates or else should accompany the clinician performing the aspirations. Unsatisfactory specimens should constitute less than 5% of the total. Reliable diagnoses can be made of papillary carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, anaplastic carcinoma, chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, benign cystic lesions and the usual colloid-rich adenomatoid nodules. The diagnosis of follicular neoplasms and some cellular adenomatoid nodules remains problematical. Therefore, some thyroid operations inevitably yield benign follicular lesions.