Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 3, 2026
12:55
Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
Published on: September 27, 2020
Adult outcomes of verbal learning disability
1University of Washington, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98104-2499, USA.
Seminars in Clinical Neuropsychiatry
|April 6, 2001
Summary
Verbal learning disability (VLD), including dyslexia and dysgraphia, often persists into adulthood. This article explores adult VLD outcomes, focusing on factors influencing success or struggle and potential treatments.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Developmental Psychology
- Education
Background:
- Verbal learning disability (VLD) is generally accepted to persist into adulthood.
- Adult outcomes of VLD, specifically dyslexia and dysgraphia, remain a topic of discussion.
- This article focuses on the epidemiology, causes, neurocognitive profiles, and neurological correlates of adult VLD.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the adult outcomes of verbal learning disabilities (VLD), including dyslexia and dysgraphia.
- To identify factors contributing to successful adaptation or ongoing struggles in adulthood for individuals with VLD.
- To discuss potential treatment strategies for adult VLD.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on the epidemiology of VLD in adults.
- Analysis of neurocognitive profiles and neurological correlates associated with VLD.
- Discussion of case studies and research findings on adult VLD outcomes.
- Synthesis of factors influencing success and struggle in adults with VLD.
Main Results:
- VLD, encompassing dyslexia and dysgraphia, frequently continues into adulthood.
- Specific neurocognitive and neurological factors are associated with VLD.
- Individual outcomes vary, with some adults succeeding despite VLD while others continue to face challenges.
- Factors influencing adult outcomes include early intervention, coping strategies, and environmental support.
Conclusions:
- Adult outcomes for VLD are diverse, influenced by a complex interplay of factors.
- Understanding the neurocognitive and neurological underpinnings of VLD is crucial for effective intervention.
- Targeted treatments and support systems can significantly improve the quality of life for adults with VLD.
Related Concept Videos
01:10Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language
Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
01:22Language Development
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
01:27Language and Cognition
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
01:30Cognitive Development During Adulthood
Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
01:30Oppositional Defiant Disorder
A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...
Diagnostic Criteria and...
01:25Learning Disabilities
Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...