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Related Experiment Videos

Passive current redistribution in the heart.

S Girouard1, R Ideker

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.

Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology
|April 9, 2001
PubMed
Summary

A passive wire connecting the right ventricle (RV) and left ventricle (LV) epicardium can conduct sufficient current to directly stimulate the LV. This electrical coupling allows for synchronous pacing of both ventricles using RV endocardial stimulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiac Electrophysiology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Electrical stimulation creates voltage gradients across the heart.
  • A hypothesis proposed that potential differences could drive current through a conductive wire to stimulate remote cardiac tissue.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if a passive wire could conduct sufficient current to stimulate remote cardiac tissue.
  • To determine if electrical coupling between cardiac sites could achieve synchronous ventricular pacing.

Main Methods:

  • Six pigs underwent open-chest procedures with right ventricular (RV) and superior vena cava (SVC) electrodes.
  • A passive wire connected RV and left ventricular (LV) epicardium.
  • Stimuli were applied to RV and SVC electrodes, and pacing was assessed via electrode arrays.

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Main Results:

  • A minimum stimulus of 15 V between RV and SVC electrodes was sufficient to pace both the RV and LV.
  • The passive wire conducted enough current to achieve synchronous LV pacing.
  • Induced current in the wire showed a linear relationship with stimulus strength.

Conclusions:

  • Connecting RV and LV epicardium with a passive wire enables synchronous LV pacing via RV endocardial stimulation.
  • This demonstrates a novel method for achieving biventricular pacing through passive electrical coupling.