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Related Concept Videos

Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

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Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
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Nuclear receptors, or NRs, are unique transcription factors that regulate gene transcription and affect the cellular pathways involved in reproduction, development, or metabolism. Their ability to be stimulated by small lipophilic ligands and control vital cellular processes makes them ideal drug targets. Nearly 10-15% of currently prescribed drugs target these receptors.
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Atomic Force Microscopy Investigations of DNA Lesion Recognition in Nucleotide Excision Repair
10:59

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Published on: May 24, 2017

Nuclear targeting of DNA.

M Nakanishi1, T Akuta, E Nagoshi

  • 1Department of Neurovirology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan. mahito@biken.osaka-u.ac.jp

European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences : Official Journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences
|April 9, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Nuclear transport of proteins and viral genomes is actively mediated. Understanding these mechanisms can inform the development of synthetic gene delivery systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Virology

Background:

  • The nuclear membrane restricts passage of cytoplasmic proteins and exogenous DNA.
  • Nuclear proteins and viral genomes utilize active, signal-mediated transport mechanisms.
  • Viral structural proteins are essential for efficient nuclear import of viral nucleic acids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding nuclear transport mechanisms for proteins and viral genomes.
  • To explore the potential for developing synthetic gene delivery systems based on natural nuclear transport processes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on nuclear transport.
  • Analysis of mechanisms employed by proteins and viruses for nuclear entry.
  • Discussion of implications for synthetic biology and gene therapy.

Main Results:

  • Nuclear proteins are actively escorted by carrier proteins via signal-mediated pathways.
  • Karyophilic viruses possess specialized mechanisms for active genome delivery through nuclear pores.
  • Viral structural proteins are crucial for the nuclear transport of viral DNA and RNA.

Conclusions:

  • Insights into natural nuclear transport pathways offer a basis for novel synthetic gene delivery strategies.
  • Further research into these mechanisms could lead to improved therapeutic gene delivery systems.