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Related Experiment Videos

Are emotionally charged lures immune to false memory?

B J Pesta1, M D Murphy, R E Sanders

  • 1Department of Psychology, Cleveland State University, USA. bpesta22@cs.com

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition
|April 11, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Emotional words can trigger false memories, even when not studied. However, presenting emotional words during study can reduce this effect, though participants still "remember" emotional lures more often.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Memory Studies

Background:

  • The Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm is a standard method for inducing false memories.
  • Emotional stimuli are known to influence memory processes, but their role in DRM-induced false memories requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether emotional words elicit the false memory effect within the DRM paradigm.
  • To examine how the presence and presentation format of emotional words at study impact false recognition of emotional critical lures.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the DRM task with lists of nonemotional associates targeting emotional or nonemotional critical lures.
  • Employed remember-know judgments for recognition memory assessment.
  • Manipulated the presence and study-test overlap of emotional nonlure words.

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Main Results:

  • Significant false "remembering" of emotional critical lures occurred even without their initial presentation.
  • Including emotional nonlure words at study more than doubled false recognition of emotional lures.
  • False memory for emotional lures decreased when emotional study words were also present on the recognition test.
  • Participants misremembered nonemotional lures more frequently but rated emotional lures as "remembered" more often post-recognition.

Conclusions:

  • Emotional stimuli can indeed induce false memories in the DRM paradigm.
  • The presentation context of emotional words significantly modulates false memory effects, with study-list emotional words offering a protective effect.
  • Distinctions exist between recognizing an item as "old" and the subjective experience of "remembering" it, particularly for emotional content.