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Related Experiment Videos

Interference between cognitive skills.

B Rehder1

  • 1Department of Psychology, New York University, New York 10003, USA. bob.rehder@nyu.edu

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition
|April 11, 2001
PubMed
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Learning new cognitive skills is hindered by persistent interference from previously learned associations. This cognitive interference, seen as errors and slowed responses, impacts new learning even after a week.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Learning Sciences

Background:

  • Cognitive skills are built upon learned associations.
  • Understanding interference is key to optimizing learning strategies.
  • Previous research has explored interference but often without long-term retention measures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cognitive skill interference using a novel clock arithmetic task.
  • To examine the persistence of interference over time using an A-B/A-Br transfer design.
  • To determine the conditions under which previously learned associations impede new learning.

Main Methods:

  • Participants completed a clock arithmetic task involving learning problem-to-answer associations (A-B).
  • A transfer phase (A-Br) required learning new answers for the same problems.

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  • Reaction times, response accuracy, and intrusion errors were measured.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant interference was observed, manifesting as slower reaction times and increased errors.
    • Intrusion errors, where old associations were incorrectly retrieved, were prevalent.
    • Interference persisted even after a one-week retention interval, particularly during initial testing.

    Conclusions:

    • Long-term memory for cognitive skills leads to persistent intrusion errors when learning new responses to familiar stimuli.
    • The A-B/A-Br design highlights the role of intrusion recognition in response selection.
    • Effective learning strategies must account for and mitigate this inherent cognitive interference.